| 產(chǎn)品介紹 |
background:
Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is well known as one of the key enzymes involved in glycolysis. As well as functioning as a glycolytic enzyme in cytoplasm, recent evidence suggests that mammalian GAPDH is also involved in a great number of intracellular proceses such as membrane fusion, microtubule bundling, phosphotransferase activity, nuclear RNA export, DNA replication, and DNA repair. During the last decade a lot of data appeared concerning the role of GAPDH in different pathologies including prostate cancer progression, programmed neuronal cell death, age related neuronal diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. GAPDH is expressed in all cells. It is constitutively expressed in almost all tissues at high levels. There are however some physiological factors such as hypoxia and diabetes that increase GAPDH expression in certain cell types. GAPDH molecule is composed of four 38kDa subunits.
Function:
Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively. Participates in nuclear events including transcription, RNA transport, DNA replication and apoptosis. Nuclear functions are probably due to the nitrosylase activity that mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of nuclear target proteins such as SIRT1, HDAC2 and PRKDC. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate.
Subunit:
Homotetramer. Interacts with TPPP; the interaction is direct. Interacts (when S-nitrosylated) with SIAH1; leading to nuclear translocation. Interacts with RILPL1/GOSPEL, leading to prevent the interaction between GAPDH and SIAH1 and prevent nuclear translocation. Interacts with EIF1AD, USP25, PRKCI and WARS.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm, cytosol. Nucleus. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Membrane. Note=Translocates to the nucleus following S-nitrosylation and interaction with SIAH1, which contains a nuclear localization signal. Postnuclear and Perinuclear regions.
Post-translational modifications:
S-nitrosylation of Cys-152 leads to interaction with SIAH1, followed by translocation to the nucleus.
ISGylated (Probable).
Sulfhydration at Cys-152 increases catalytic activity.
Similarity:
Belongs to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 493876 Cat
Entrez Gene: 374193 Chicken
Entrez Gene: 403755 Dog
Entrez Gene: 2597 Human
Entrez Gene: 100042025 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 14433 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 396823 Pig
Entrez Gene: 100009074 Rabbit
Entrez Gene: 24383 Rat
Entrez Gene: 685186 Rat
Entrez Gene: 380259 Xenopus laevis
Entrez Gene: 448356 Xenopus tropicalis
Entrez Gene: 317743 Zebrafish
Omim: 138400 Human
SwissProt: Cat
SwissProt: P00356 Chicken
SwissProt: Q28259 Dog
SwissProt: P70685 Guinea pig
SwissProt: P04406 Human
SwissProt: P16858 Mouse
SwissProt: P00355 Pig
SwissProt: P46406 Rabbit
SwissProt: P04797 Rat
SwissProt: P51469 Xenopus laevis
SwissProt: Q5XJ10 Zebrafish
Unigene: 544577 Human
Unigene: 592355 Human
Unigene: 598320 Human
Unigene: 304088 Mouse
Unigene: 309092 Mouse
Unigene: 317779 Mouse
Unigene: 343110 Mouse
Unigene: 392463 Mouse
Unigene: 392480 Mouse
Unigene: 414470 Mouse
Unigene: 458138 Mouse
Unigene: 458416 Mouse
Unigene: 475698 Mouse
Unigene: 129558 Rat
Unigene: 91450 Rat
Unigene: 995 Xenopus laevis
Unigene: 35640 Zebrafish
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
甘油醛-3-磷酸脫氫酶（Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase，GAPDH）是糖酵解（glycolysis）過程中的關(guān)鍵酶。除了在胞質(zhì)中作為糖酵解的酶以外，有證據(jù)表明哺乳動物細胞中的GAPDH參與了多種胞內(nèi)生化過程，包括膜融合（membrane fusion）、微管成束（microtubule bundling）、磷酸轉(zhuǎn)移酶（phosphotransferase）激活、核內(nèi)RNA出核、DNA復(fù)制與DNA修復(fù)。一些生理因素，諸如低氧（hypoxia）和尿糖（diabetes），可以增加GAPDH在特定細胞中的表達。GAPDH存在于幾乎所有的組織中，以高水平持續(xù)表達。
GAPDH（甘油醛-3-磷酸脫氫酶）是參與糖酵解的一種關(guān)鍵酶，由4個30－40kDa的亞基組成。
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